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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
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Examining the Exercise Dose-Response Using Cardiac Autonomic Activity in Female University Ice Hockey Players.

Maggie L Peterson1,2, Patrick E Monforton1,2, Anthony R Bain1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Heart rate variability (HRV) better quantifies exercise stress in female ice hockey players than resting heart rate (RHR). HRV showed sensitivity to training load and high-intensity activity, indicating its utility in monitoring athlete response.

Keywords:
athlete monitoringfemale athletesheart rate variability (HRV)sport sciencetraining load

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Female ice hockey players face significant cardiovascular stress during training and competition.
  • Limited research exists on the exercise dose-response specific to female ice hockey players.
  • Understanding athlete response to training load is crucial for performance and health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate daily and weekly changes in cardiac autonomic activity throughout a competitive season.
  • To assess the association between cardiac autonomic activity and accumulated exercise stress.
  • To compare the sensitivity of heart rate variability (HRV) and resting heart rate (RHR) in response to exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-one female ice hockey players participated in the study.
  • Heart rate monitors were used to calculate training load (TL) and time in high-intensity activity (HIA).
  • Cardiac autonomic activity was measured using resting heart rate (RHR) and root mean squared of successive R-R intervals (rMSSD) upon waking.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was observed between HRV (rMSSD) and both TL and HIA (r = -0.420, p = 0.058).
  • No significant association was found between RHR and either TL or HIA.
  • rMSSD dropped below the typical error threshold for approximately 50% of games, indicating substantial physiological strain.

Conclusions:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) is more sensitive than resting heart rate (RHR) in quantifying the physiological response to on-ice exercise stress in female ice hockey players.
  • HRV can effectively monitor the dose-response to exercise stress in this population.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering HRV for training load management and athlete monitoring.