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Gut and Metabolic Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Body Fluid Signatures for Early
Christine K Syriopoulou-Delli1, Deeksha Chaudhuri2
1Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, 156 Egnatia str, Thessaloniki, 54636 , Greece. csyriop@uom.edu.gr.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to identify objective, biological markers -biomarkers- that can signal ASD risk earlier and more reliably.
Methods:
A structured literature search was carried out between 2010 and 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct.
Results:
Twenty (20) empirical studies were identified, meeting inclusion criteria, encompassing microbial taxa, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), fungal species, urinary metabolites, amino acids, and oxidative stress markers.
Conclusions:
This review underscores the promise of non-genetic biomarkers in advancing early, objective, and biologically grounded ASD diagnosis, while emphasizing the need for large-scale, longitudinal studies to validate findings and translate them into clinical practice.
