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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
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Spatiotemporal Control of RNA Functions via Bioorthogonal Chemistry for Activatable Biosensing.

Yining Liu1, Linlin Yang1, Miao Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Bio-Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|September 26, 2025
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Researchers developed a novel RNA activation strategy using trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-caged RNAs and tetrazine (TZ) for precise spatiotemporal control. This enables advanced RNA biosensing and gene therapy applications with reduced background signals.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Spatiotemporal control of RNA function is crucial for RNA-based biosensing and therapeutics.
  • Existing methods face challenges in achieving precise temporal and spatial RNA activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a bioorthogonally activatable RNA strategy for precise spatiotemporal control.
  • To demonstrate the application of this strategy in live-cell imaging and gene expression regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-caged RNAs activated by tetrazine (TZ) via inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reactions.
  • Site-specifically modified RNA within an 8-17 DNAzyme for Zn2+ imaging.
  • Modified sgRNA to control CRISPR/dCas9 transcriptional systems.

Main Results:

  • Achieved spatiotemporal activation of DNAzyme sensors for precise Zn2+ imaging in live cells.
  • Minimized background signal leakage during delivery in extracellular environments.
  • Demonstrated on-demand expression of fluorescent proteins via CRISPR/dCas9 control.

Conclusions:

  • The TCO-caged RNA strategy offers a versatile platform for spatiotemporal control of RNA-based elements.
  • This approach has significant potential for precise bioimaging, disease diagnosis, and gene therapy.