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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

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Two-Step Procedure to Detect Cosmological Gravitational Wave Backgrounds with Next-Generation Terrestrial

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Detecting primordial gravitational waves requires advanced methods to overcome astrophysical noise. This study introduces a novel framework to isolate cosmological signals from binary black hole and neutron star mergers using next-generation detectors.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology and Astrophysics
  • Gravitational-Wave Astronomy
  • Primordial Universe Studies

Background:

  • Cosmological gravitational-wave backgrounds offer insights into the early Universe.
  • Astrophysical foregrounds from compact binary coalescences obscure these primordial signals.
  • Next-generation detectors like Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope aim to detect these faint signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel framework for detecting cosmological gravitational-wave backgrounds.
  • To address the challenge of astrophysical foregrounds from binary black holes and binary neutron stars.
  • To enable detection with next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave observatories.

Main Methods:

  • Removal of individually resolved binary black hole signals in the time-frequency domain.
  • Joint Bayesian inference applied to resolved binary neutron star signals, unresolved binary neutron star foreground, and the cosmological background.
  • Analysis utilizing data from next-generation detectors such as Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope.

Main Results:

  • A detection claim at the 5σ level is possible for a flat cosmological background.
  • The required sensitivity is Ω_{ref}≥2.7×10^{-12}/sqrt[T_{obs}/yr], where T_{obs} is observation time in years.
  • This sensitivity is within a factor of ≲2 of the detector's capability without astrophysical foregrounds.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework effectively distinguishes cosmological gravitational-wave signals from astrophysical foregrounds.
  • Next-generation detectors can potentially detect primordial gravitational waves with this method.
  • The study advances the capability to probe the primordial Universe using gravitational-wave astronomy.