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Long-Term Influence of Pediatric Long COVID Syndrome on Visual Perception and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms

Tzu-Yu Chen1, Yen-Ju Chu2, Chia-Jui Hsu3

  • 1Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Pediatric Neurology
|September 26, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric long COVID patients show neuropsychiatric symptoms and visual perception issues, linked to brain gray matter volume changes. Symptom severity in the acute phase may predict long-term brain alterations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Infectious disease sequelae

Background:

  • Long COVID (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection) presents diverse persistent symptoms.
  • Limited data exists on long COVID's impact on children and adolescents.
  • This study investigates visual perception, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and brain volume in pediatric long COVID.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore visual perception and neuropsychiatric symptoms in pediatric long COVID.
  • To examine associations between these symptoms and brain volume differences.
  • To assess the relationship between symptom severity and neuroimaging findings.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 60 pediatric participants (6-18 years) 5-8 months post-COVID-19 infection.
  • Assessed symptoms using a weighted scoring system and divided participants by severity.
  • Conducted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and administered the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Fourth Edition (TVPS-4).

Main Results:

  • Common symptoms included headache, dizziness, attention, and memory deficits.
  • Severe symptom group showed increased gray matter volume, especially in subcortical and temporal regions.
  • Significant visual perception differences (overall and sequential memory) were found in participants with visual symptoms compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric long COVID is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, impaired visual perception, and gray matter volume changes.
  • Acute-phase neuropsychiatric symptom severity may predict chronic-phase brain volume alterations.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19 infectionChildrenLong COVID syndromeNeuroimageVisual perception

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