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Related Concept Videos

Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
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Microbiota in drug resistance.

Ru Jia1, Chuan-Xing Xiao2, Yong-Hai Zhang3

  • 1Department of Chinese Medicine & Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201104, China.

Drug Resistance Updates : Reviews and Commentaries in Antimicrobial and Anticancer Chemotherapy
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug resistance is a major challenge, but the microbiome plays a dual role. Understanding microbial dysbiosis and microbiota-targeted therapies is key to overcoming drug resistance in cancer and infections.

Keywords:
Anti-cancer therapy anti-infectious diseasesAntibioticsDrug resistanceMicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Immunology
  • Pharmacology and Therapeutics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Drug resistance, especially to anticancer drugs and antibiotics, significantly reduces treatment effectiveness and survival rates.
  • The host-associated microbiota has a complex, dual role in modulating drug resistance, either promoting or mitigating its development.
  • Microbial dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbial community, can induce or worsen drug resistance, complicating treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate association between the microbiome and drug resistance, using anticancer and antimicrobial agents as key examples.
  • To detail the mechanisms through which microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of drug resistance.
  • To review and summarize microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies for overcoming drug resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review focusing on the interplay between microbiome and drug resistance.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking microbial dysbiosis to resistance development.
  • Systematic summary of emerging microbiota-modulating therapies, including fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and bacterial engineering.

Main Results:

  • Microbial dysbiosis is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the development and exacerbation of drug resistance.
  • Strategies targeting the microbiome, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, show promise in overcoming resistance.
  • Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion can paradoxically increase drug resistance, highlighting the complexity of host-microbe interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating the microbiome presents a promising avenue for developing novel strategies to combat drug resistance in clinical settings.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and optimize microbiota-targeted therapies for enhanced treatment efficacy.
  • Exploring the clinical applications of microbiome-modulating interventions is crucial for addressing the growing challenge of drug resistance.