Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 16, 2026
Comparative Study on the Polysaccharide Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis and Hippophae gyantsensis
Published on: August 15, 2025
Ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization of Ganoderma sinense polysaccharides and comparative structural analysis
Zhou-Wei Wu1, Xiao-Cui Liu1, Xue-Fang Zhao2
1State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
Optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of Ganoderma polysaccharides yielded higher extraction efficiency at lower temperatures. Significant interspecies variations in polysaccharide yield, sugar content, and structure were observed across six Ganoderma species.
Area of Science:
- Mycology and Biochemistry
- Natural Product Chemistry
Background:
- Ganoderma species are sources of bioactive polysaccharides with potential health benefits.
- Optimizing extraction methods is crucial for maximizing polysaccharide yield and purity.
- Understanding the structural diversity of Ganoderma polysaccharides is key to their functional applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for Ganoderma sinense polysaccharides.
- To compare polysaccharide yields, compositions, and structures across six different Ganoderma species.
- To elucidate the structural characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and their fractions.
Main Methods:
- Response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize UAE parameters (temperature, solid-liquid ratio, time).
- Comparative analysis of polysaccharide yield, total sugar content, and molecular weight distribution among six Ganoderma species.
- FT-IR spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and monosaccharide profiling were used to characterize polysaccharide structures.
Main Results:
- Optimal UAE conditions (47-52°C, 1:35-1:40 ratio, 45-55 min) significantly improved extraction yield compared to hot water extraction.
- Substantial interspecies variations were found in polysaccharide yields (3.86%-12.15%), total sugar content (11.24%-42.88%), and molecular weights.
- Ganoderma polysaccharides were primarily composed of glucose and galactose; FT-IR and methylation analysis revealed species-specific functional groups and linkage patterns, including β-glucans and galactans.
Conclusions:
- Optimized UAE offers an efficient method for extracting Ganoderma polysaccharides at lower temperatures.
- Significant structural and compositional diversity exists among Ganoderma species polysaccharides.
- Detailed structural characterization provides insights into structure-function relationships, aiding in the development of standardized functional foods.
