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Mpox (monkeypox).

Joseph Heskin1, Ien Chan1, Christopher Barry Bunker2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mpox, a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, has two clades. Previously confined to Africa, mpox outbreaks now show sustained human transmission in non-endemic regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, identified in 1958.
  • The virus has two distinct genetic clades: clade 1 and clade 2.
  • Historically, mpox outbreaks were primarily confined to endemic regions in West and Central Africa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiological shift of mpox.
  • To highlight the emergence of sustained human-to-human transmission in non-endemic areas.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical mpox outbreak data.
  • Analysis of recent mpox transmission patterns.

Main Results:

  • Mpox (monkeypox virus) was endemic to West and Central Africa before 2022.
  • Sporadic, travel-associated clade 2 mpox outbreaks occurred in non-endemic regions previously.
  • Recent events mark the first documentation of persistent human-to-human mpox transmission in non-endemic areas.

Conclusions:

  • The epidemiology of mpox has changed significantly.
  • Sustained transmission in non-endemic regions presents a new public health challenge.