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Related Concept Videos

Inducible Operons: lac Operon01:25

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The lac operon in Escherichia coli is a model for understanding inducible gene regulation and metabolic flexibility. It integrates local control by lactose and global regulation through catabolite repression, enabling E. coli to preferentially metabolize glucose when available and switch to lactose utilization when glucose is scarce.Structure and Function of the lac OperonThe lac operon contains three structural genes: lacZ (β-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA...
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Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
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Encapsulation-enhanced switchable protein release from engineered probiotic lactobacilli.

Marc Blanch-Asensio1, Varun Sai Tadimarri1, Roberto Martinez2

  • 1INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with genetic switches for controlled drug release. Encapsulating these engineered bacteria in PEARLs (Protein Eluting Alginate with Recombinant Lactobacilli) significantly reduced leakiness, enabling precise, on-demand therapeutic delivery.

Keywords:
AlginateEngineered living materialsGenetic switchProbiotic lactobacilliProtein secretion

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Microbial Therapeutics
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Probiotic bacteria like lactobacilli lack advanced genetic tools for controlled protein production.
  • Escherichia coli, while genetically versatile, is not ideal for all therapeutic applications.
  • Developing on-demand drug release systems in non-model probiotics is crucial for advanced therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with responsive genetic switches for precise control.
  • To investigate the impact of material encapsulation on the performance of engineered probiotics.
  • To establish a foundation for stimuli-responsive microbial therapeutic platforms using lactobacilli.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated cumate or vanillate-responsive genetic circuits with a strong constitutive promoter (Ptec) in L. plantarum.
  • Assessed switch performance under various growth conditions, including nutrient limitation and temperature shifts.
  • Immobilized engineered L. plantarum in core-shell alginate beads (PEARLs) to evaluate leakiness suppression and control.

Main Results:

  • Developed two genetic switches in L. plantarum with micromolar induction range.
  • Observed and characterized acidification-associated leakiness in rapidly growing cultures.
  • Demonstrated significant suppression of leakiness and day-scale reversible control using PEARLs encapsulation.
  • Showcased stable performance of orthogonal switches in co-encapsulated and miniaturized PEARLs.

Conclusions:

  • Expanded the genetic engineering capabilities of probiotic L. plantarum.
  • Highlighted the synergistic benefits of combining genetic circuit design with biomaterial encapsulation.
  • Advanced the development of lactobacilli as platforms for stimuli-responsive and precisely controlled microbial therapeutics.