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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Preperimetric glaucoma: conversion to primary open-angle glaucoma in a 10-year follow-up.

Jaekyoung Lee1,2, Young Kook Kim2,3, Ki Ho Park2,3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of).

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Over 10 years, 35.5% of preperimetric open-angle glaucoma (PPG) patients converted to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Insufficient intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and disc hemorrhage (DH) significantly increased progression risk.

Keywords:
Glaucoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Glaucoma Research
  • Clinical Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Preperimetric open-angle glaucoma (PPG) represents an early stage of glaucoma.
  • Long-term clinical course and conversion rates to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) require further investigation.
  • Identifying prognostic factors for PPG progression is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the long-term clinical course of PPG over more than 10 years.
  • To identify specific factors associated with the conversion of PPG to POAG.
  • To evaluate the prognostic significance of optic disc hemorrhage (DH) and intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study including 124 eyes from 124 PPG patients followed for over 10 years.
  • Progression defined by structural or functional deterioration; analyzed using Cox proportional hazard modeling.
  • Kaplan-Meier survival analysis compared progression probability in patients with and without disc hemorrhage (DH).

Main Results:

  • 35.5% of PPG patients converted to POAG within a mean follow-up of 12.2 years.
  • Significant predictors of glaucoma progression included migraine/headache, insufficient intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, and disc hemorrhage (DH).
  • Patients with DH showed a significantly higher cumulative probability of progression (p=0.017).

Conclusions:

  • A substantial proportion of PPG patients convert to POAG, necessitating long-term monitoring.
  • Insufficient IOP reduction and the presence of DH are key indicators of increased progression risk in PPG.
  • DH holds significant prognostic value in predicting glaucoma progression in PPG patients.