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Orthogonal Trajectories

Orthogonal Trajectories

Orthogonal trajectories describe the geometric relationship between two families of curves that intersect each other at right angles. One illustrative case involves a family of parabolas that open sideways along the x-axis. These curves share a common shape but differ by a scaling parameter, resulting in a set of curves that all pass through the origin and widen at different rates.Determining Orthogonal TrajectoriesTo identify the orthogonal trajectories for these parabolas, the first step...

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Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

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Theta Activity Supports Landmark-Based Correction of Naturalistic Human Path Integration.

Clément Naveilhan¹, Raphaël Zory^2,3, Klaus Gramann⁴

¹Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice 06205, France clement.naveilhan@univ-cotedazur.fr stephen.ramanoel@univ-cotedazur.fr.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|September 26, 2025

Summary

Humans use landmarks to update their location during navigation. Theta brainwaves in the retrosplenial complex help integrate self-motion cues with visual landmarks for accurate spatial updating.

Keywords:

cognitive neuroscience mobile EEG spatial navigation

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Spatial Navigation Research

Background:

Human spatial navigation relies on path integration and landmark cues.
Understanding how the brain combines these signals during active movement is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the neural mechanisms of landmark-based spatial recalibration during active navigation.
Examine the role of theta oscillations in integrating self-motion and landmark information.

Main Methods:

Utilized immersive virtual reality and high-density mobile electroencephalography (EEG).
Participants navigated routes, quantified path integration errors, and used landmarks for recalibration.

Main Results:

Accumulated navigation errors were corrected by landmarks, but this effect was transient.
High confidence in self-motion reduced landmark effectiveness, indicating internal prior influence.
Theta activity in the retrosplenial complex correlated with spatial updating and recalibration.

Conclusions:

Theta oscillations play a dual role in integrating multimodal spatial information.
The brain flexibly recalibrates spatial representations using external cues and self-motion data.