Microalgae-made biopharmaceuticals and their potential role in the One Health approach

Biopharmaceuticals play a crucial role in the One Health approach by providing preventive and therapeutic solutions that support both human and animal health. The microalgae-based platform for producing biopharmaceuticals offers low production costs, benefiting both sectors, and thus represents a promising strategy to advance the One Health initiative. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in genetic engineering and bioprocessing of algal systems; however, no microalgae-made biopharmaceuticals for human use have yet reached the market. This review provides an updated perspective on these advances and highlights future directions for the field, with a focus on overcoming the hurdles that have delayed the application of this technology.