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Decoding immune aging at single-cell resolution.

Yankai Wang1, Da Ke1, Yifan Chen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Trends in Immunology
|September 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell sequencing reveals immune aging changes, offering insights into cellular shifts across the human lifespan. This approach aids in early immunosenescence detection and personalized healthspan extension strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Single-cell sequencing revolutionizes immune aging research.
  • Age-associated changes in cellular composition and function are now understood at high resolution.
  • Peripheral immune cells exhibit heterogeneity and functional shifts across the human lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review landmark studies in single-cell immune aging.
  • To compare emerging immune aging clocks.
  • To highlight opportunities for clinical translation of immune aging research.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging single-cell multi-omics to chart immune trajectories.
  • Analyzing age-associated cellular composition and function.
  • Examining data integration challenges across platforms and populations.

Main Results:

  • Uncovered previously unrecognized heterogeneity in peripheral immune cells.
  • Identified functional shifts in immune cells across the human lifespan.
  • Highlighted technical and analytical challenges in single-cell data analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Decoding immune aging at single-cell resolution is crucial.
  • Enables early detection of immunosenescence.
  • Facilitates personalized immunomodulation and precision healthspan strategies.