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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
Published on: August 2, 2019
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Supercurrent time division multiplexing with solid-state integrated hybrid superconducting electronics
Alessandro Paghi1, Laura Borgongino2, Simone Tortorella2,3
1Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy. alessandro.paghi@nano.cnr.it.
Nature Communications
|September 26, 2025
Summary
Time-division multiplexing of cryogenic signals was achieved using novel superconducting demultiplexers. This advance enables more efficient measurement of quantum devices by reducing space and cooldown times.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Computing
- Superconducting Devices
- Cryogenic Engineering
Background:
- Multiplexing cryogenic signals is crucial for scaling quantum device measurements.
- Current methods face limitations in space, cooldown time, and device density.
- Efficient signal routing is essential for complex quantum systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate time-division multiplexing of non-dissipative supercurrents.
- To develop and test voltage-controlled hybrid superconducting demultiplexers.
- To improve the efficiency and scalability of cryogenic quantum measurements.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of superconducting Josephson Field Effect Transistors (JoFETs) with Al electrodes, InAs channels, and HfOx gate insulators.
- Integration of JoFETs into voltage-controlled hybrid superconducting demultiplexers.
- Characterization of demultiplexer performance at 50 mK, including switching current suppression, resistance increase, signal frequency, switching frequency, insertion loss, and ON/OFF ratio.
Main Results:
- Each JoFET suppressed switching current and increased resistance 20-fold at -4.5 V gate voltage.
- An 8-output demultiplexer operated up to 100 MHz signal frequency and 100 kHz switching frequency with a ±2 μA input range.
- Near-zero insertion loss and a 17.5 dB ON/OFF ratio were achieved.
- Optimized layout extended operation to 4 GHz with a 2-output demultiplexer.
Conclusions:
- Time-division multiplexing of supercurrents is feasible using hybrid superconducting demultiplexers.
- The developed JoFETs and demultiplexers offer significant improvements in cryogenic signal routing.
- This technology paves the way for more scalable and efficient quantum computing architectures.
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