A protein-proximity screen reveals Ebola virus co-opts the mRNA decapping complex through the scaffold protein EDC4

The interaction of host and Ebola virus (EBOV) proteins is required for establishing infection. In this study, we use proximity-dependent biotinylation to identify cellular proteins that bind to EBOV proteins encoded by six of the seven viral genes. Hits are computationally mapped onto a human protein-protein interactome and annotated with viral proteins, confirming known EBOV-host protein interactions and revealing previously undescribed interactions and processes. This approach efficiently arranges proteins into functional complexes associated with single viral proteins. Focused characterization of interactions between EBOV VP35 and the mRNA decapping complex shows that VP35 binds the scaffold protein EDC4 through the C-terminal subdomain, with both proteins colocalizing in EBOV-infected cells. siRNA depletion of EDC4, DCP2, and EDC3 reduces virus replication by inhibiting early viral RNA synthesis. Overall, the analytical approach efficiently identifies EBOV protein interactions with cellular protein complexes, providing a deeper understanding of replication mechanisms for therapeutic intervention.