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Spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation concentration and their associated risks.

Xinhao Suo1, Yongye Jiang1, Guolong Chen1

  • 1Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.

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Global climate change intensifies precipitation concentration. Over a third of land shows increased spatial and temporal concentration, heightening risks of extreme weather events like floods and droughts.

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Area of Science:

  • Climatology
  • Hydrology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Global climate change significantly alters precipitation patterns, leading to the recognized 'Wet getting Wetter, Dry getting Drier' (WWDD) phenomenon.
  • Previous research often analyzed temporal or spatial precipitation concentration in isolation, neglecting their combined impacts and interactive risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively assess global precipitation concentration in both temporal and spatial dimensions.
  • To identify regions exhibiting specific precipitation concentration patterns (WWDD, WDDW) and analyze their trends.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Gini coefficient to analyze precipitation concentration.
  • Employed ERA5-Land daily data spanning from 1951 to 2020.
  • Classified global land areas based on long-term trends in spatial and temporal precipitation concentration.

Main Results:

  • 67.4% of global land area shows increasing temporal precipitation concentration.
  • 46.4% of global land area exhibits increasing spatial precipitation concentration.
  • 33.6% of global land area displays a WWDD pattern, with increased concentration in both dimensions, indicating heightened vulnerability.

Conclusions:

  • Regions with joint increases in spatial and temporal precipitation concentration face elevated risks of hydrometeorological disasters.
  • Understanding these dual-concentration patterns is crucial for effective global precipitation analysis and disaster management.
  • Specific hazards, like intense rainfall or localized runoff, are associated with concentration in a single dimension.