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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

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Light and Temperature Dual-Responsive Liquid Marbles Stabilized with Azobenzene-Modified Poly(N-Isopropyl

Yunhui Wen¹, Yuzheng Luo¹, Yang Yang^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications

|September 27, 2025

Summary

This study introduces novel light- and temperature-responsive liquid marbles using Azo-PNIPAM. These smart droplets offer controlled stability and arrested coalescence for advanced microreactor applications.

Keywords:

coalescence light responsiveness liquid marble microreactor temperature responsiveness

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Polymer Science

Background:

Liquid marbles are versatile microreactor platforms with stimuli-triggered coalescence for controlled mixing.
Current liquid marble systems often involve complex operational methods.
Multi-stimulus responsiveness enhances liquid marble adaptability and application range.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a light- and temperature-responsive liquid marble system.
To precisely control liquid marble stability using dual stimuli.
To address limitations in current liquid marble stability modulation.

Main Methods:

Encapsulating water droplets with azobenzene-modified poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (Azo-PNIPAM).
Utilizing UV light irradiation and temperature changes to trigger Azo-PNIPAM hydrophilicity.
Regulating liquid marble stability and coalescence through controlled UV exposure duration.

Main Results:

Demonstrated disintegration of liquid marbles under UV light or low temperatures due to increased Azo-PNIPAM hydrophilicity.
Achieved arrested coalescence between liquid marbles by adjusting UV light exposure time.
Successfully modulated liquid marble stability using a combination of PNIPAM and azobenzene functionalities.

Conclusions:

A novel strategy for precise liquid marble stability control was developed.
The light- and temperature-responsive liquid marbles show promise for smart droplet-based microreactors.
This work expands possibilities for advanced liquid manipulation techniques.