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Bone-Derived Factors: Regulating Brain and Treating Alzheimer's Disease.

Qiao Guan1, Yanting Cao2, Jun Zou1

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The bone-brain axis reveals how bone health impacts brain function and vice versa. Therapies targeting bone may improve cognitive function, offering new treatments for neuroskeletal comorbidities.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Orthopedics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The bone-brain axis describes the bidirectional communication between skeletal and central nervous systems.
  • This interaction is crucial for maintaining overall health and has implications for various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the anatomical and functional connections between bone and the central nervous system.
  • To explore the clinical translational potential of bone-derived signals in regulating brain function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical pathways, including blood-brain barrier permeability and periventricular organs.
  • Analysis of molecular signaling (e.g., osteocalcin, FGF23, exosomes) from bone cells.
  • Examination of clinical evidence linking bone diseases (e.g., osteoporosis) and neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease).

Main Results:

  • Bone cells regulate neuroplasticity and inflammation via secreted factors and exosomes.
  • Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease exhibit a bidirectional detrimental relationship.
  • Anti-osteoporotic drugs (e.g., bisphosphonates) show potential cognitive benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Bone-derived signals significantly influence brain function and neurological health.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting the bone-brain axis, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, offer new avenues for treating neuroskeletal comorbidities.
  • Future research should focus on integrated biomarkers for early diagnosis and precise treatment of these conditions.