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Caffeic Acid as a Promising Natural Feed Additive: Advancing Sustainable Aquaculture.

Nguyen Dinh-Hung1, Luu Tang Phuc Khang2, Suwanna Wisetkaeo2

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Caffeic acid (CA) shows potential as a natural aquaculture feed additive, improving fish health and immunity. Further research is needed to optimize its use for sustainable fish farming and reduced antibiotic reliance.

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Area of Science:

  • Aquaculture Nutrition
  • Fish Immunology
  • Sustainable Agriculture

Background:

  • Caffeic acid (CA) is a plant-derived phenolic compound with potential benefits for aquaculture.
  • It exhibits growth-promoting, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial properties, offering an alternative to antibiotics in fish farming.
  • Current evidence suggests CA can enhance innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, and survival rates in fish.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current research on the use of caffeic acid in aquaculture.
  • To critically evaluate the functional roles and relevance of CA for sustainable fish production.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and future research priorities for CA as a feed additive.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on caffeic acid in aquaculture.
  • Critical evaluation of research findings on CA's effects on fish physiology and health.
  • Identification of research priorities based on current limitations and future potential.

Main Results:

  • CA demonstrates positive effects on fish immune responses, antioxidant status, and survival across various species.
  • Potential benefits include growth promotion and antimicrobial activity, supporting reduced antibiotic use.
  • Key limitations include a lack of standardized optimal inclusion levels and understanding of species-specific responses and microbiome interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Caffeic acid holds significant promise as a functional feed additive for sustainable aquaculture.
  • Further research is essential to address dose optimization, species-specific effects, gut microbiota interactions, and economic viability.
  • Elucidating CA's mechanisms of action is crucial for its successful large-scale implementation.