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Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Multimorbidity Patterns in Climacteric Women with Hypertension

Juliene Gonçalves Costa1, Ana Luiza Amaral2, Julia Buiatte Tavares2

  • 1School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|September 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension in climacteric women significantly increases multimorbidity risk, particularly cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal conditions. Postmenopausal status, older age, and obesity are key risk factors, necessitating targeted prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Geriatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Arterial hypertension is a significant risk factor for multimorbidity in climacteric women.
  • Understanding disease patterns associated with hypertension in this demographic is crucial for public health.
  • Multimorbidity, defined as two or more chronic conditions, poses a substantial burden on healthcare systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess multimorbidity and its patterns (cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal, neuropsychological) in women aged 40 years and older attending Brazilian Basic Health Units.
  • To identify key risk factors for multimorbidity in hypertensive climacteric women.
  • To investigate the association between hypertension and specific multimorbidity patterns in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study analyzing data from 1003 women aged ≥40 years.
  • Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for multimorbidity.
  • Prevalence and association of hypertension with cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal, and neuropsychological multimorbidity patterns were examined.

Main Results:

  • Postmenopausal status (OR: 2.17) and age ≥70 years (OR: 2.85) were significant risk factors for multimorbidity.
  • Hypertensive women (86%) frequently had multimorbidity, including dyslipidemia (50%), type 2 diabetes (37%), and thyroid disorders (18%).
  • Cardiometabolic pattern (86% prevalence) strongly associated with hypertension, particularly in women ≥50 years and with obesity (OR: 2.30). Musculoskeletal disorders linked to postmenopausal status (OR: 2.41) and obesity (OR: 1.92).

Conclusions:

  • Hypertensive climacteric women, especially postmenopausal, older, or obese individuals, face elevated risks of cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal multimorbidity.
  • Targeted preventive strategies are essential for managing hypertension and reducing multimorbidity in this high-risk population.
  • Further research into the complex interplay of risk factors and disease patterns in climacteric women is warranted.

Keywords:
agingchronic non-communicable diseaseshigh blood pressuremenopause

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