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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

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The Structure of Demand, Control, and Stability-Support Underlying the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) 2.0-An

Maren Formazin1, BongKyoo Choi2,3, Maureen F Dollard4

  • 1Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Division "Work and Health", 10317 Berlin, Germany.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new multilevel model for workplace health, assessing job demands, control, and stability-support across task and organizational levels. Findings offer preliminary support for this broader occupational stress framework.

Keywords:
DCS modelJCQ 2.0controldemandstability-supportstructural equation modelingstructure

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health Psychology
  • Organizational Behavior
  • Multilevel Modeling

Background:

  • Traditional occupational stress theories focus on task-level psychosocial factors.
  • Existing models often overlook the interplay between organizational and task-level influences.
  • A need exists for comprehensive frameworks assessing workplace health across multiple levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and test a novel multilevel conceptualization of workplace health-related psychosocial factors.
  • To validate the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) 2.0 tool for assessing Demand (D), Control (C), and Stability-Support (S-S) at both task and organizational levels.
  • To examine the generalizability of a multilevel Demand/Control/Stability-Support (DCS-S) model across four countries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze data from Korea, China, Australia, and Germany.
  • Assessed the three-factor DCS structure at the task level across all countries.
  • Tested the organizational-level DCS-S structure and the multilevel DCS-S model using German data.

Main Results:

  • The task-level three-factor DCS structure was largely confirmed across all four countries, with minor exceptions.
  • The organizational-level DCS-S structure was confirmed in German data.
  • The multilevel DCS-S model, tested with German data, showed organizational factors predicting their task-level counterparts, with some exceptions.

Conclusions:

  • Provides preliminary support for a multilevel Demand/Control/Stability-Support (DCS-S) model in occupational stress research.
  • Highlights the importance of considering both organizational and task-level psychosocial factors for workplace health.
  • Recommends further multilevel longitudinal research to verify findings and explore observed nuances.