Association of Systemic Pathologies on Dental, Periodontal and Orthodontic Status in Children

Background/Objectives: This retrospective observational study evaluated associations among dentition type, age, systemic conditions, and oral pathology in pediatric patients. Methods: A six-month retrospective analysis was conducted in a specialized pediatric hospital. Patients (n = 155; 0-18 years) were grouped as clinically healthy with oro-maxillofacial diseases or with systemic diseases. Data included dental/periodontal status, anomalies, gingival bleeding index, IOTN score and oral mucosal conditions. Statistical tests (chi-square, ANOVA, and correlations) were applied. Results: Chronic gingivitis was most frequently associated with primary dentition. Caries and root debris were more frequent in ages 4-6, while acute gingivitis appeared in younger children. Orthodontic treatment need increased with age, especially in mixed dentition. Periodontal diseases were most often linked to digestive pathologies. Conclusions: Oral health in children showed associations with age, dentition type, and systemic conditions. Findings highlight associations rather than causation, underscoring the importance of prevention, early monitoring, and age-appropriate interdisciplinary management.