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Cardiac Endocrine Function and Hormonal Interplay in Pediatrics: From Development to Clinical Implications.
Valeria Calcaterra1,2, Savina Mannarino3, Filippo Puricelli3
1Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Biomedicines
|September 27, 2025
Summary
The endocrine system and the heart are closely linked throughout life, especially in children. Understanding hormone-heart interactions is key to preventing pediatric heart disease.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Pediatric Cardiology
Background:
- The endocrine system is crucial for heart development and function.
- The heart itself acts as an endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate cardiovascular processes.
- Hormonal signaling is vital for maintaining homeostasis and proper heart development, particularly in fetal and pediatric stages.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the endocrine mechanisms governing cardiac development and function in fetal and pediatric life.
- To highlight the heart's intrinsic endocrine activity and its interaction with hormonal signals.
- To underscore the clinical relevance of endocrine-cardiovascular interactions in pediatric heart disorders.
Main Methods:
- This is a narrative review.
- Literature search on endocrine mechanisms in cardiac development and function.
- Focus on fetal and pediatric life, and the heart's endocrine role.
Main Results:
- Hormonal signals are essential for physiological homeostasis and heart development.
- Disruptions in hormonal signaling can precede structural or functional heart disease.
- Endocrine imbalances impact the onset, progression, and prognosis of pediatric cardiac disorders.
Conclusions:
- Understanding age-specific hormone-heart interactions is clinically relevant for pediatric cardiology.
- Early identification of hormonal dysregulation can prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
- Recognizing these patterns can lead to targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for pediatric heart conditions.
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