Dopaminergic Inhibition of the Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Current in Direct Pathway Medium Spiny Neurons in Normal...

Background: Despite the profound behavioral effects of the striatal dopamine (DA) activity and the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir) being a key determinant of striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) activity that strongly affects behavior, previously reported DA regulations of Kir are conflicting and incompatible with MSN function in behavior. Methods and Results: Here, we used DA depletion mouse models that have hyperfunctional DA receptors such that potential DA regulation of Kir may be enhanced and relatively large and thus detected reliably. We show that in striatal brain slices from normal mice with an intact striatal DA system, the predominant effect of DA activation of D1Rs in D1-MSNs is to cause a modest depolarization and an increase in input resistance by inhibiting Kir, thus moderately increasing the spike outputs from behavior-promoting D1-MSNs. In brain slices from parkinsonian (DA-depleted) striatum, DA increases D1-MSN intrinsic excitability more strongly than in normal striatum, consequently more strongly increasing D1-MSN spike firing that is behavior-promoting. This DA inhibition of Kir is occluded by the Kir blocker barium chloride (BaCl₂). In behaving parkinsonian mice, BaCl₂ microinjection into the dorsal striatum stimulates movement and also occludes the motor stimulation of D1R agonism. Conclusions: Taken together, our results resolve the long-standing question about what D1R agonism does to D1-MSN excitability in normal and parkinsonian striatum and strongly indicate that D1R inhibition of Kir is a key ion channel mechanism that mediates the profound motoric and behavioral stimulation of striatal D1R activation in normal and parkinsonian animals.