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Elderberry-Based Multifunctional Prebiotic Systems Prepared via Spray Drying.

Anna Gościniak1, Lidia Tajber2, Piotr Szulc3

  • 1Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.

Biomolecules
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Selecting the right elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) cultivar and using galactooligosaccharides (GOS) with silica carriers creates stable, bioactive powders. These functional ingredients offer prebiotic benefits and efficient polyphenol delivery for nutraceuticals.

Keywords:
anthocyaninschitooligosaccharides (COS)degradation kineticselderberry extractgalactooligosaccharides (GOS)polyphenolssilicaspray drying

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Nutraceutical Chemistry
  • Plant Biochemistry

Background:

  • Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is rich in anthocyanins and bioactives with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.
  • Cultivar variability impacts elderberry's chemical composition and bioactivity, necessitating careful plant material selection for functional ingredients.
  • Existing formulations require enhanced stability and bioavailability of elderberry's active compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and antiglycation potential of twelve elderberry genotypes.
  • To develop stable, spray-dried elderberry powders using galactooligosaccharides (GOS) or chitooligosaccharides (COS) as carriers, with or without colloidal silica.
  • To evaluate the impact of carrier systems and silica on anthocyanin retention, thermal stability, and technological properties.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of twelve elderberry genotypes for total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and antiglycation potential.
  • Spray-drying of elderberry extracts using GOS or COS carriers, with and without colloidal silica.
  • Characterization of powders using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, degradation-kinetic modeling, and assessment of moisture content, morphology, and flowability.

Main Results:

  • 'Samyl 1' genotype showed a promising profile for formulation. GOS-based powders demonstrated superior anthocyanin retention and thermal stability compared to COS.
  • Incorporation of colloidal silica significantly improved powder recovery, reduced agglomeration, and enhanced flowability without affecting anthocyanin content.
  • All developed elderberry powders exhibited low moisture, favorable morphology, and preserved functional activity, meeting stability requirements for shelf-stable extracts.

Conclusions:

  • Strategic selection of elderberry cultivars, like 'Samyl 1', is crucial for optimizing functional ingredient development.
  • GOS-silica carrier systems effectively stabilize elderberry anthocyanins and bioactives, enhancing their delivery and shelf-life in nutraceutical applications.
  • These multifunctional elderberry powders combine prebiotic functionality with potent antioxidant and antiglycation properties, offering significant potential for the food and pharmaceutical industries.