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Mortality Trends in Pediatric Hepatoblastoma: A Brazilian and Global Perspective

Raquel Francine Liermann Garcia1,2,3, Camila Barbosa1,3, José Guilherme Pickler1,2

  • 1Department of Scientific Development and Innovation (DECIPE), Center for Anatomo-Pathological Diagnosis (CEDAP), Joinville 89201-330, SC, Brazil.

Cancers
|September 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hepatoblastoma, a rare pediatric liver cancer, remains a significant cause of childhood mortality. While mortality rates in young children are stable in Brazil, adolescents show a notable decline, mirroring global trends.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatoblastoma is a rare pediatric malignancy, comprising 1-2% of childhood cancers.
  • It represents a significant cause of cancer-related mortality in early childhood despite its low incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze hepatoblastoma mortality trends in Brazilian children and adolescents from 2008 to 2023.
  • To compare these trends with global mortality estimates.

Main Methods:

  • Ecological study utilizing the Mortality Information System (SIM/DATASUS) and Global Burden of Disease Study data.
  • Analysis of mortality rates, temporal trends (Prais-Winsten regression), and age/sex differences (chi-square test).

Main Results:

  • 267 hepatoblastoma deaths recorded; 66.7% in children aged 0-4 years; 61.4% male.
  • No significant mortality trend in younger children, but a significant annual decline in adolescents aged 15-19 years (APC = -38.4%).
  • Regional disparities observed, with the Southeast region having the highest deaths. Global estimates show decreasing mortality, especially in children under five.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatoblastoma remains a critical mortality cause in early childhood.
  • Brazilian adolescent hepatoblastoma mortality significantly decreased, contrasting with stable rates in younger children.
  • Global data indicates a progressive reduction in hepatoblastoma-related mortality over time.

Keywords:
cancer mortalityhepatoblastomaliver tumorpediatric cancerpediatric oncology

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