Beyond Antioxidants: How Redox Pathways Shape Cellular Signaling and Disease Outcomes
Abdallah Alhaj Sulaiman1, Vladimir L Katanaev1,2
1Translational Oncology Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar.
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Cellular redox pathways are critical regulators of various biological processes, including the intricate modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This review explores how major redox enzymes-such as catalase, superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxins, and peroxiredoxins-interact with key cellular signaling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinase, mTORC1/AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, Hedgehog, Notch, and GPCR signaling. By investigating mechanisms such as ROS-mediated activation, cysteine oxidation, spatial enzyme localization, and phosphatase regulation, we demonstrate the extensive influence of redox balance on cellular signaling dynamics. Understanding these redox-dependent interactions provides insights into pathophysiological conditions ranging from cancer to fibrosis, offering novel therapeutic opportunities.
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