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Related Experiment Video

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Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

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Published on: September 18, 2017

Self-Controlled Feedback and Behavioral Outcomes in Motor Skill Learning: A Meta-Analysis.

Biye Wang¹, Tao Tao¹, Yuchen Yuan¹

¹College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 27, 2025

Summary

Self-controlled (SC) feedback enhances motor skill learning in retention and transfer phases, particularly for series skills. Cognitively impaired individuals benefit more during acquisition with SC feedback.

Keywords:

augmented feedback meta-analysis motor learning self-controlled feedback

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Area of Science:

Motor learning research
Cognitive psychology
Sports science

Background:

Feedback is crucial for motor skill acquisition.
Self-controlled (SC) feedback allows learners to choose feedback timing.
Existing evidence on SC feedback effectiveness is mixed.

Purpose of the Study:

To meta-analyze the effects of SC feedback on motor skill learning.
To compare SC feedback against passively received (PR) and Yoked (YK) feedback.
To investigate moderators like learning phase, cognitive status, and skill type.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search across three datasets.
Inclusion of 29 studies with 1147 participants.
Meta-analysis of motor skill learning outcomes across acquisition, retention, and transfer phases.

Main Results:

SC feedback did not significantly improve acquisition but enhanced retention and transfer.
Cognitive status moderated acquisition, with benefits for impaired individuals.
Series skills showed greater transfer benefits compared to discrete skills, especially versus YK feedback.

Conclusions:

SC feedback aids motor skill consolidation and generalization.
SC feedback offers specific advantages for certain populations (cognitively impaired) and skill types (series skills).
The findings support SC feedback's utility in optimizing motor learning strategies.