Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

1.2K
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
1.2K
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

38.0K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
38.0K
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

113.8K
Overview
113.8K
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

76.0K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
76.0K
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

64.4K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
64.4K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

61.8K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
61.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Single-cell DNA methylation analysis uncovers epigenetic pathways in the transformation of MDS to AML.

Leukemia·2026
Same author

Inflammatory immune modulators of AML lung infiltration and respiratory failure.

Nature immunology·2026
Same author

IL-16 production is a mechanism of resistance to BTK inhibitors and R-CHOP in lymphomas.

Blood·2026
Same author

RAS pathway activation and microenvironmental adaptation as hallmarks of myeloid sarcoma.

Blood cancer discovery·2026
Same author

DNA methylation and expression of MAPRE3 affect overall survival of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Molecular oncology·2026
Same author

DNA methylation-based classification of hematolymphoid neoplasms.

Blood advances·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

13.0K

Age-Driven Genetic and Epigenetic Heterogeneity in B-ALL.

Yoana Veselinova1, Manel Esteller1,2,3,4, Gerardo Ferrer1,4,5,6

  • 1Cancer Epigenetics, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) shows distinct molecular changes in children versus adults. Understanding these age-specific genetic and epigenetic differences is key to improving B-ALL treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiaadultepigeneticsgeneticspediatricyoung adult

More Related Videos

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
11:06

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

6.5K
A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

7.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

13.0K
Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
11:06

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

6.5K
A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

7.1K

Area of Science:

  • Hematologic Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) presents a significant clinical challenge due to its molecular heterogeneity across different age groups.
  • Pediatric B-ALL typically has higher cure rates, while adult B-ALL is often more aggressive and treatment-resistant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the age-specific genetic and epigenetic landscapes contributing to B-ALL disparities.
  • To elucidate how molecular alterations differ in their nature and timing, indicating distinct leukemogenic processes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of genetic aberrations in pediatric and adult B-ALL.
  • Examination of age-dependent epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression.
  • Review of mutations in key epigenetic regulators specific to different age groups.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric B-ALL is characterized by favorable genetic aberrations like ETV6::RUNX1 and hyperdiploidy.
  • Adult B-ALL frequently exhibits high-risk features such as BCR::ABL1 fusions and IKZF1 deletions.
  • Distinct epigenetic profiles, including mutations in SETD2/CREBBP (pediatric) versus TET2/IDH1/2 (adult), are observed.

Conclusions:

  • Age-driven molecular differences in B-ALL are not only prognostic but also mechanistic, reflecting unique developmental pathways.
  • Understanding these age-specific molecular transitions is crucial for refining risk stratification.
  • Tailoring precision therapies to the distinct biology of B-ALL across the lifespan is essential for improved patient outcomes.