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PtNiSnO2 Nanoframes as Advanced Electrode Modifiers for Ultrasensitive Detection of Trazodone in Complex Matrices
Małgorzata Suchanek1, Agata Krakowska1,2, Kamil Szmuc3
1Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
A new platinum-nickel-doped tin oxide and carbon black sensor offers highly sensitive detection of trazodone HCl (TRZ) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). This advanced sensor provides accurate quantification in various real-world samples with excellent stability and reproducibility.
Area of Science:
- Electrochemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Trazodone HCl (TRZ) is an antidepressant requiring sensitive and reliable detection methods.
- Existing voltammetric techniques for TRZ determination often lack sufficient sensitivity or require preconcentration.
- Development of novel electrochemical sensors is crucial for accurate TRZ analysis in complex matrices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To construct and characterize a novel voltammetric sensor for the highly sensitive determination of trazodone HCl (TRZ).
- To optimize differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) parameters for enhanced analytical performance.
- To evaluate the sensor's applicability in diverse real-world samples.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of a glassy carbon electrode modified with platinum-nickel-doped tin oxide and carbon black composite (PtNiSnO2-CB/GCE).
- Optimization of DPV parameters, including supporting electrolyte composition and instrumental settings.
- Electrochemical analysis of TRZ using DPV and flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection.
Main Results:
- The PtNiSnO2-CB/GCE sensor enabled sensitive DPV determination of TRZ without preconcentration (linear range 1-10 µM).
- A low detection limit of 4.1 nM was achieved with a 60 s accumulation time (0.02-0.2 µM range).
- The sensor demonstrated excellent reproducibility (RSD 4.3%), stability, and applicability in pharmaceutical products, biological fluids, and environmental water samples (97.7-104.2% recovery).
Conclusions:
- The developed PtNiSnO2-CB/GCE sensor is a highly sensitive, reproducible, and stable platform for TRZ determination.
- The sensor's ability to analyze TRZ in various complex matrices highlights its practical utility.
- This novel sensor offers a promising alternative to existing methods for trazodone HCl analysis.
