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Circulating Plasma Syncytin-1 mRNA in Preeclampsia-A Pilot Study.

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Circulating fetal syncytin-1 mRNA levels are significantly lower in preeclampsia (PE) pregnancies. This finding suggests fetal syncytin-1 mRNA in maternal plasma could serve as a diagnostic and predictive marker for PE.

Keywords:
biomarkerscell-free fetal RNAplacental dysfunctionpreeclampsiasyncytin-1

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Maternal-fetal medicine
  • Molecular diagnostics

Background:

  • Syncytin-1, an endogenous retroviral protein, is crucial for placental development and integrity.
  • Reduced syncytin-1 expression is linked to preeclampsia (PE), a serious pregnancy complication.
  • Investigating circulating fetal syncytin-1 mRNA offers a potential non-invasive method to assess placental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the role of circulating fetal syncytin-1 mRNA in maternal plasma.
  • To compare syncytin-1 mRNA levels in women with and without preeclampsia.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic and predictive potential of fetal syncytin-1 mRNA for preeclampsia.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective pilot study involving 26 women without PE and 43 women with PE.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure syncytin-1 mRNA concentrations in maternal plasma.
  • Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess diagnostic accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Median circulating syncytin-1 mRNA concentrations were significantly lower in women with PE compared to those without (p < 0.001).
  • The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for diagnosing PE at delivery was 0.913.
  • Sub-analysis showed high diagnostic (AUC 0.962) and predictive (AUC 0.924) accuracy for fetal syncytin-1 expression.

Conclusions:

  • Quantification of fetal syncytin-1 mRNA in maternal plasma shows promise as a diagnostic tool for preeclampsia.
  • Circulating fetal syncytin-1 mRNA may also serve as a predictive marker for developing preeclampsia.
  • This non-invasive approach could aid in early detection and management of preeclampsia.