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Related Concept Videos

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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Genomic-Encoded Mitovirus RdRp Is Required for Embryo Development and Maintaining Mitochondrial Dynamics in

Yadi Gong1, Rongqin Chen1, Chen Yang1

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A nuclear-encoded viral gene, mRdRp, is crucial for plant mitochondrial health and embryo development. Loss of this gene impairs stress response and disrupts RNA silencing, revealing its vital role in plant physiology.

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ArabidopsisRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)coevolutionmRdRpmitovirus

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Isolation and Respiratory Measurements of Mitochondria from Arabidopsis thaliana
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear genomes often contain sequences derived from mitoviruses, encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).
  • The function of these nuclear-encoded viral RdRp proteins in plants remains largely uncharacterized.
  • Mitoviruses are known to infect plant mitochondria, but the integration of viral genes into host nuclear genomes is of significant interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the nuclear-encoded mRdRp (AT2G07749) in plant development and mitochondrial homeostasis.
  • To explore the origin and evolutionary significance of nuclear-encoded viral genes in plants.
  • To understand the impact of mRdRp on plant stress responses and RNA silencing pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis to determine the evolutionary relationship between nuclear mRdRp and viral RdRp.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and RNA interference (RNAi) to generate mRdRp knockout and knockdown mutants.
  • Phenotypic analysis of mutants under normal and stress conditions (ABA, rotenone), and assessment of mitochondrial morphology and abundance.

Main Results:

  • mRdRp knockout/knockdown mutants exhibited severe developmental defects, including dwarfism, embryo lethality, and sterility.
  • Mutants showed increased susceptibility to abscisic acid (ABA) and rotenone, indicating impaired stress adaptation.
  • Loss of mRdRp resulted in fragmented mitochondrial networks, reduced mitochondrial abundance, and aberrant accumulation of mitochondrial small RNAs (sRNAs).

Conclusions:

  • The nuclear-encoded mRdRp plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and embryo viability in plants.
  • Horizontally transferred viral genes, like mRdRp, can be functionally integrated into host genomes, influencing plant development and stress responses.
  • mRdRp's function is essential for normal plant physiology, potentially by regulating mitochondrial integrity and endogenous RNA silencing pathways.