Probiotics in IBD: Evidence and Perspectives on Patient Health and Disease Management

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes two distinct diseases: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease, affecting people worldwide regardless of age and gender. It appears that a combination of many factors, primarily genetic background, environmental, host immune response, and a state of reduced microbial diversity are associated with IBD. Gut modulation by probiotics application represents one of the potential strategies for the prevention or treatment of IBD. The gut microbiota has the ability to influence host physiology either directly or through microbial metabolites. This review summarizes human randomized clinical trials that evaluate the usefulness of various probiotics in relation to the treatment, prevention, and maintenance of disease remission.