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Exosome-like Nanoparticles Extracted from Plant Cells for Diabetes Therapy.

Xin Xiao1, Yuliang Guo1, Nontokozo Zimbili Msomi2

  • 1School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PENPs) show promise for treating diabetes mellitus (DM). These natural nanocarriers improve glycemic control and reduce complications, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for diabetes management.

Keywords:
diabetes and its complicationsnanobiomedicinenatural nanocarriersplant-derived exosome-like nanoparticlesprecision therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Nanotechnology
  • Metabolic Disorders Research
  • Natural Product Therapeutics

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) presents significant health challenges with current treatments offering limited efficacy and numerous side effects.
  • Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PENPs) are emerging as biocompatible nanocarriers with inherent therapeutic potential.
  • A comprehensive review of PENPs for DM therapy is needed to consolidate recent advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review recent progress in the application of PENPs for diabetes mellitus (DM) therapy.
  • To cover plant sources, extraction, purification, molecular composition, and therapeutic mechanisms of PENPs in DM.
  • To highlight the potential of PENPs as a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of preclinical studies on PENPs for DM therapy.
  • Analysis of data on plant sources, isolation techniques, and characterization of PENPs.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying PENP therapeutic effects in DM models.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical studies indicate PENPs effectively improve hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in DM.
  • PENPs modulate key pathways including oxidative stress, inflammation, gut microbiota, and glucose metabolism.
  • Evidence suggests PENPs promote wound healing and angiogenesis via glycolytic reprogramming in DM contexts.

Conclusions:

  • PENPs demonstrate significant therapeutic potential for managing diabetes mellitus and its complications.
  • Challenges in scalable production, standardization, and clinical translation require further investigation.
  • Future research should focus on engineered PENPs, GMP-compliant manufacturing, and clinical trials for precision diabetes therapeutics.