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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
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ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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The ADP/ATP Carrier Protein01:42

The ADP/ATP Carrier Protein

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ADP/ATP carrier or AAC protein is the most abundant carrier protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It transports large quantities of ADP and ATP, equivalent to the average human body weight, every day. Among other transporters, ACC protein is one of the best-studied members of the mitochondrial carrier protein family. The ADP/ATP carrier protein comprises two transmembrane helices connected to a loop and a single alpha-helix on the matrix side. It switches between two conformational...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance01:07

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Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion,...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1
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An Emerging Paradigm for ABCC5/MRP5 Function in Human Physiology.

Jenai Chinoy1,2, Charlotte Meller2,3,4, Heidi de Wet2

  • 1Bedford Hospital South Wing, Kempston Road, Bedford MK42 9DJ, UK.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCC5 exports cyclic nucleotides and glutamate conjugates, impacting development, metabolism, and neurobiology. Its diverse physiological roles necessitate caution when considering ABCC5 for cancer therapy.

Keywords:
ABC-transportersABCC5Abcc5−/− miceMRP5NAAGcAMPcGMPcMOAThaem

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The C-subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters includes proteins with diverse functions, but several, including ABCC5, remain orphan transporters with poorly understood roles.
  • While ABCC5 is implicated in multidrug resistance in cancer, its broader physiological functions are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging understanding of human ABCC5, focusing on its physiological roles, substrates, and implications beyond cancer therapy.
  • To highlight the importance of ABCC5's endogenous substrate transport and its involvement in various biological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ABCC5, including research utilizing knockout models (mice, zebrafish, sea urchins) and structural analyses.
  • Analysis of findings related to ABCC5's substrate specificity, including cyclic nucleotides, glutamate conjugates, and haem.

Main Results:

  • ABCC5 exports endogenous substrates like cAMP, cGMP, NAAG, and haem, influencing gut formation, brain function, eye development, and iron metabolism.
  • In mice, ABCC5 deletion affects adipose tissue, insulin sensitivity, and neurobehavior, suggesting roles in glutamatergic signaling and circadian regulation.
  • Structural studies revealed an autoinhibitory mechanism in ABCC5, offering potential for inhibitor development.

Conclusions:

  • ABCC5 plays significant physiological roles in development, metabolism, neurobiology, and male fertility, extending beyond its known function in cancer multidrug resistance.
  • Targeting ABCC5 for cancer therapy requires caution due to its critical underappreciated functions, especially in the brain and male reproductive system.
  • Further research into ABCC5's substrate specificity, regulation, and interaction with ABCC12 is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies.