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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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New Generation Antibiotics Derived from DABCO-Based Cationic Polymers.

Betul Zehra Temur1, Ilay Ceren Cetinkaya2, Merve Acikel Elmas3

  • 1Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34638, Türkiye.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 27, 2025
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Novel DABCO-based cationic polymers show potent antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria and fungi. These polymers disrupt bacterial membranes with low toxicity, offering a promising new platform for antimicrobial therapeutics.

Keywords:
DABCOROMPantimicrobial polymercationic polymersstructure-property relationship

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Agents
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat, demanding new antimicrobial agents.
  • Host-defense cationic peptides (HCPs) are a natural source of inspiration for novel antimicrobials.
  • Developing synthetic mimics of HCPs with improved stability and efficacy is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate novel DABCO-based cationic homopolymers and copolymers.
  • To mimic the structure and function of host-defense cationic peptides.
  • To assess their antimicrobial activity and potential as next-generation therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of DABCO-based polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP).
  • Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays and hemolytic activity assessment (HC50).
  • Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Main Results:

  • DABCO-based homopolymers and copolymers demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
  • The D-subs 15kDa homopolymer showed significant efficacy against S. aureus (MIC: 8 µg/mL).
  • Polymers exhibited high selectivity indices and minimal hemolytic activity (HC50 ≥ 1024 µg/mL).
  • Microscopy revealed membrane disruption as a key mechanism of action.
  • Polymers maintained integrity under physiological conditions for at least 28 days.

Conclusions:

  • DABCO-based cationic polymers represent a promising new class of antimicrobial agents.
  • These polymers effectively target pathogenic microorganisms with low host toxicity.
  • The findings support their potential for developing next-generation antimicrobial therapeutics.