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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Whole Genome Sequencing of Candida glabrata for Detection of Markers of Antifungal Drug Resistance
Published on: December 28, 2017
The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Clinical Efficacy of Azole Antifungals
Hareesh Singam1, Sherif Mossad1
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Section of Transplant Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Abstract:
Azoles are the primary agents for antifungal activity in clinical medicine due to their broad-spectrum efficacy and favorable safety profiles compared to older agents. Triazoles, including fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, have varied pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. This is due to various polymorphisms in hepatic enzymes, necessitating genotype-guided dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize treatment outcomes. This review highlights the clinical relevance of pharmacogenomics in azole therapy, particularly the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme polymorphisms in influencing drug levels, efficacy, and toxicity. Understanding these genetic and metabolic factors is essential for personalized antifungal treatment strategies, improving patient safety and therapeutic outcomes.
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