Utilization of Hazel (Corylus avellana L.) Wood Particles in the Production of Three-Layer Particleboards for...

Hazel wood (Corylus avellana L.) is widespread in Europe but remains underutilized in industry. This study evaluated its potential as a raw material for three-layer particleboards for furniture and interior use. Boards were produced with barked and debarked hazel particles at substitution levels of 0-100% with industrial pine. All variants fulfilled EN 312 P2 requirements. Hazel particles increased the bulk density (211 for debarked vs. 160 kg m^-3 for pine wood), affecting handling. The modulus of rupture remained stable (11.5-12.7 N mm^-2), while the modulus of elasticity declined with the hazel content but stayed above 1600 N mm^-2. Internal bond strength improved markedly, reaching 1.63-1.66 N mm^-2 at full substitution, and screw withdrawal resistance rose to ~200 N mm^-1. However, dimensional stability worsened at 100% hazel, with higher thickness swelling and water absorption, especially for debarked material. Boards from fully debarked hazel also showed reduced core density to below 80% of the nominal density, potentially influencing bonding. The findings indicate that up to 50% hazel substitution is feasible without performance loss, while full replacement requires optimization of pressing and adhesives. Hazel wood thus represents a promising, sustainable alternative to conventional species, supporting more diversified raw material use in particleboard production.