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Micro- and Nanoplastics in Dentistry: Challenges in Obtaining High-Quality Evidence
Luka Šimunović1, Ivana Bačić2, Senka Meštrović1
1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 27, 2025
Summary
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are released from dental materials, but real-world exposure data is limited. Standardized methods and improved practices are needed to assess and reduce MNP pollution in dentistry.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Materials Science
- Dental Science
Background:
- Growing concerns regarding micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) pollution.
- Dental materials and procedures are potential sources of MNP exposure.
- Limited understanding of MNP presence and impact within dental settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current knowledge on MNPs in dentistry.
- To identify research gaps hindering robust evidence generation.
- To guide future research and clinical practices.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of existing literature across dental disciplines.
- Critical appraisal of experimental designs, sampling, and analytical methods.
- Focus on orthodontics, restorative dentistry, and prosthodontics.
Main Results:
- In vitro studies show MNP release from dental materials.
- Real-world exposure data (airborne, ingested) is sparse and inconsistent.
- Lack of standardized detection methods and clinical setting representation limits findings.
Conclusions:
- MNP release from dental materials is confirmed in lab settings.
- Significant gaps exist in real-world exposure data and standardized methodologies.
- Harmonized protocols, interdisciplinary collaboration, and sustainable practices are essential.
