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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
Published on: February 1, 2022
Advances in the Application of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Drug Delivery Systems
Changzhou Jin1, Huishan Zheng2,3, Jianmin Chen2,3
1School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China.
Abstract:
Graphene, owing to its exceptionally high specific surface area, abundant surface functional groups, and outstanding biocompatibility, exhibits tremendous potential in the development of nanodrug delivery systems. This review systematically outlines the latest research advancements regarding graphene and its derivatives in drug loading, targeted delivery, and smart release. It covers delivery strategies and mechanisms for various types of drugs, including small molecules and macromolecules, with a particular emphasis on their applications in major diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, and infection control. The article also discusses stimulus-responsive release mechanisms, such as pH-responsiveness and photothermal responsiveness, and highlights the critical role of surface functionalization of graphene and its derivatives in enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Furthermore, the review evaluates key challenges to the clinical translation of graphene-based materials, including safety, toxicity, and metabolic uncertainties. It points out that future research should focus on integrating structural modulation of materials with biological behavior to construct intelligent nanoplatforms featuring biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and precise therapeutic targeting. The aim of this paper is to provide theoretical insights and technical guidance for the customized design and precision medicine applications of graphene and its derivative-based drug delivery systems.
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