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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: September 30, 2021
Epigenetic Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications
Adil Farooq Wali1, Abid Reza Ansari2, Prince Ahad Mir3
1RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates.
Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent primary liver cancer, continues to pose a significant global health burden due to its high mortality rate. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic aberrations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA (ncRNA) dysregulation, play critical roles in HCC initiation and progression. Notably, miR-375 and miR-483-5p are among the most dysregulated miRNAs in HCC, with their altered expression levels closely associated with tumor stage and patient survival. These epigenetic modifications offer promising therapeutic avenues due to their reversibility and dynamic nature. Furthermore, specific epigenetic signatures such as CDH1 promoter hypermethylation and HOTAIR overexpression are being explored as potential biomarkers for early detection and treatment response. In this chapter, we review recent advances in the epigenetic landscape of HCC and discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic implications, highlighting their potential to improve patient outcomes through personalized medicine approaches.
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