Alpha Particle Emitter Radiolabeled Antibodies in Cancer Therapy: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

The utilization of antibodies to target radionuclides, known as radioimmunotherapy (RIT), has been actively researched for nearly five decades. Numerous significant preclinical and clinical studies in cancer therapy have been highlighted. Among them, RIT using alpha-emitting nuclides has shown high effectiveness and has attracted much interest in recent years. This review presents an overview of the basic elements of alpha-RIT, namely the target proteins (monoclonal antibodies and antibody-derived proteins), alpha-emitting radionuclides, and labeling methods, which are currently being adapted in cancer therapy. It also highlights efforts to expand the potential of alpha-RIT, including the control of radioactivity distribution in the body.