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Comparative Studies on Synthesis Methods of BiVO₄ for Photoelectrochemical Applications.

Dominik Caus^1,2, Katarzyna Berent², Krzysztof Mech²

¹Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 27, 2025

Summary

Different synthesis methods for bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) impact its optical and photoelectrochemical properties. Thin films show superior performance for photoelectrochemical cells, while powders exhibit unique switching effects for molecular electronics.

Keywords:

BiVO4 PEPS effect photocatalysis photoelectrochemistry

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a promising semiconductor material for photoelectrochemical applications.
Understanding the influence of synthesis methods on BiVO4 properties is crucial for optimizing device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the optical and photoelectrochemical properties of BiVO4 synthesized via microwave, sonochemical, sol-gel, and direct deposition methods.
To correlate synthesis strategies with structural, morphological, and photoelectrochemical characteristics.
To explore the potential of BiVO4 in molecular electronics.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of BiVO4 using microwave, sonochemical, sol-gel, and direct deposition techniques.
Characterization using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
Optical analysis via UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical performance evaluation.

Main Results:

XRD, SEM, and AFM confirmed monoclinic and tetragonal phases with varying particle sizes and surface roughness.
UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated band gaps between 2.38-2.51 eV.
BiVO4 thin films demonstrated higher photocurrent intensity due to improved semiconductor-substrate contact, while powders showed photocurrent switching effects attributed to surface states and oxygen vacancies.

Conclusions:

Synthesis method significantly influences BiVO4 properties for photoelectrochemical applications.
Thin-film BiVO4 is suitable for efficient photoelectrochemical cells.
Powdered BiVO4 exhibits potential for molecular electronic devices like logic gates and memory devices.