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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs
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Reoviral Hepatitis in Young Turkey Poults-An Emerging Problem.

Rahul Kumar1,2, Mohamed Selim3, Anibal G Armien1,4

  • 1Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 27, 2025
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Summary

A newly identified reovirus, termed Turkey Hepatitis Reovirus (THRV), caused significant mortality and liver disease in young turkeys. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a link to avian reoviruses, necessitating further study for control.

Keywords:
hepatitislamenesslivermortalitypoultturkey hepatitis reovirusturkey reoviruses

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Virology
  • Poultry Health

Background:

  • Spiking mortality and hepatitis outbreaks were observed in young turkey poults across multiple US states between 2019 and 2020.
  • Affected birds, primarily meat-type turkeys aged around 15.5 days, exhibited severe liver and spleen lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the causative agent of hepatitis and mortality in young turkeys.
  • To characterize the newly isolated reovirus and investigate its relationship with other avian reoviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Virus isolation and identification from affected turkey livers.
  • Gross and microscopic examination of affected tissues (liver, spleen).
  • Electron microscopy and in situ hybridization (ISH) for reovirus detection.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of isolated reoviruses.

Main Results:

  • Reovirus was detected in 47.5% of 188 cases, predominantly in 7-14 day old poults.
  • Gross lesions included hepatosplenomegaly and multifocal necrosis; microscopic findings revealed necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis.
  • A novel reovirus, tentatively named Turkey Hepatitis Reovirus (THRV), was isolated and phylogenetically analyzed, revealing four distinct clusters.
  • THRV showed close antigenic relation to Turkey Arthritis Reovirus (TARV), suggesting a potential origin.

Conclusions:

  • A novel reovirus (THRV) is a likely cause of hepatitis and mortality in young turkeys.
  • Phylogenetic data suggests THRV emerged from existing avian reovirus strains.
  • Further molecular and pathogenicity studies are crucial for diagnosing and managing this emerging poultry disease.