Bacteria-Based Roles in Solid Tumors: Potential for Prevention and Treatment

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Microbiology
• Immunology

Background:

• Malignant tumors pose a significant global health challenge, driving continuous medical research for prevention and treatment.
• A tumor microbial ecosystem is present in all human cancers, highlighting the role of microorganisms in tumorigenesis.
• The tumor microenvironment (TME) is increasingly recognized for its influence, with specific bacteria identified as key players.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize current evidence on the impact of oncobacteria in tumor development.
• To explore the mechanisms by which bacteria influence cancer, including DNA damage and immune suppression.
• To discuss the potential of oncobacteria as targets and therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating bacteria in the TME.
• Analysis of research detailing oncobacteria's roles in DNA damage, oncogenic signaling, and immune modulation.
• Synthesis of findings on bacterial metabolites and their pro-tumor effects.

Main Results:

• Specific bacteria within the TME contribute to tumor initiation and progression.
• These bacteria can activate oncogenic pathways, suppress anti-tumor immunity, and produce pro-tumor metabolites.
• Evidence suggests certain tumor-associated bacteria can be leveraged for therapeutic benefit.

Conclusions:

• Oncobacteria play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment, influencing cancer development.
• Targeting these bacteria presents a promising strategy for novel cancer therapies.
• Further research into the positive applications of oncobacteria in tumor treatment is warranted.