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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
Published on: August 17, 2022
Advances in Biotechnology and the Development of Novel Human Vaccines
Ioanna Papadatou1,2, Athanasios Michos1,3
1First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Abstract:
Recent advances in biotechnology have fundamentally reshaped the landscape of vaccine development, offering innovative strategies to improve immunogenicity, safety and accessibility. This review explores the cutting-edge platforms-including mRNA, DNA, virus-like particles, viral and bacterial vectors, and bacteriophage-based vaccines-that are redefining how vaccine antigens are delivered to the immune system. We also discuss alternative delivery methods, such as transcutaneous and mucosal immunization, which have the potential to improve vaccine acceptance and distribution, as well as next-generation adjuvants targeting innate immune receptors aiming to further enhance vaccine efficacy, especially in vulnerable populations. By synthesizing these innovations, this review highlights how biotechnology is enabling the design of safer, more efficient, and more adaptable vaccines to address both existing and emerging infectious diseases.
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