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Effects of Gossypol Exposure on Ovarian Reserve Function: Comprehensive Risk Assessment Based on TRAEC Strategy.

Xiaoyan Sun1, Jia Ying2, Xuan Ma3

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Gossypol exposure harms female mice's ovarian reserve and egg quality, causing reduced fertility. While some recovery occurs after stopping exposure, endocrine function remains impaired, classifying it as a moderate reproductive toxicant.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Toxicology
  • Environmental Health
  • Ovarian Biology

Background:

  • Gossypol, a compound found in cottonseeds, has known toxicological effects.
  • Understanding its impact on female reproduction is crucial for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reproductive toxicity and reversibility of gossypol in female ICR mice.
  • To assess gossypol's effects on ovarian reserve, oocyte maturation, and cellular apoptosis.
  • To identify molecular pathways affected by gossypol exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Female ICR mice were treated with gossypol (20 mg/kg/day for 30 days).
  • Ovarian histology, oocyte maturation assays, and KGN cell apoptosis assays were performed.
  • Proteomic profiling was utilized to identify differentially expressed proteins.
  • The Targeted Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals (TRAEC) framework was applied.

Main Results:

  • Gossypol treatment led to reduced body weight, depletion of primordial follicles, and impaired oocyte maturation.
  • Significant increase in apoptosis was observed in KGN cells.
  • Proteomic analysis revealed alterations in steroidogenesis, immune regulation, and mitochondrial metabolism.
  • Partial morphological recovery was noted after withdrawal, but endocrine function remained compromised.

Conclusions:

  • Gossypol significantly damages ovarian reserve and oocyte competence in female mice.
  • The reproductive toxicity of gossypol shows only partial reversibility.
  • Gossypol is classified as a moderate reproductive toxicant, necessitating caution in its clinical applications.