Polymeric Nanoparticles for Targeted Lung Cancer Treatment: Review and Perspectives

Lung cancer remains a foremost cause of cancer-related impermanence globally, demanding innovative and effective therapeutic strategies. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have turned up as a promising transport system for drugs due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and capability to provide controlled and targeted release of therapeutic agents. This review offers a thorough examination of different polymeric NP platforms, such as chitosan, gelatin, alginate, poly (lactic acid), and polycaprolactone, highlighting their mechanisms, formulations, and applications in the treatment of lung cancer. These NPs facilitate the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapies, and immune modulators, with enhanced bioavailability and reduced systemic toxicity. Additionally, advanced formulations such as ligand-conjugated, stimuli-responsive, and multifunctional NPs demonstrate improved tumor-specific accumulation and cellular uptake. The review also discusses quantum dots, magnetic and lipid-based NPs, and green-synthesized metallic polymeric hybrids, emphasizing their potential in theranostics and combination therapies. Preclinical studies show promising results, yet clinical translation faces challenges; for example, large-scale production, long-term toxicity, and regulatory hurdles. Overall, polymeric NPs represent a powerful platform for advancing personalized lung cancer therapy, with future prospects rooted in multifunctional, targeted, and patient-specific nanomedicine.