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Selenium Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stability and In Vitro Evaluation in Human Lens Epithelial Cells.

Lulwah Al-Bassam1, Mohammed M Naiyer1, Christopher J Morris1

  • 1UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.

Pharmaceutics
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Selenium nanoparticles coated with TPGS show antioxidant benefits for eye cells. These TPGS-SeNPs modulate antioxidant enzymes, offering potential for preventing oxidative damage and cataracts.

Keywords:
antioxidant therapyd-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinatenanoparticle drug deliveryocular selenium

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Oxidative stress is a key factor in ocular diseases like cataracts.
  • Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) possess antioxidant properties and low toxicity.
  • D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) can enhance nanoparticle characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize TPGS-coated selenium nanoparticles (TPGS-SeNPs).
  • To evaluate the antioxidant activity and cytocompatibility of TPGS-SeNPs in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells.
  • To assess the functional antioxidant performance of TPGS-SeNPs under oxidative stress.

Main Methods:

  • SeNPs synthesized via reduction of sodium selenite with ascorbic acid in the presence of TPGS.
  • Physicochemical properties (size, charge) assessed by dynamic light scattering.
  • Antioxidant activity evaluated using DPPH assay, enzymatic assays (GPx, TrxR, GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) quantification.
  • Cytocompatibility tested on ARPE-19 and HLE cells.

Main Results:

  • Optimal TPGS-SeNPs exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of 44 ± 3 nm and negative surface charge.
  • Strong radical scavenging activity observed (EC50 ≈ 1.55 µg/mL).
  • TPGS-SeNPs enhanced GPx and TrxR activity in HLE cells under oxidative stress, without altering GSH or MDA levels.

Conclusions:

  • TPGS-SeNPs demonstrate significant antioxidant enzyme modulation in HLE cells.
  • These nanoparticles show potential for non-invasive strategies against lens oxidative damage.
  • Further research may explore TPGS-SeNPs for cataract prevention and treatment.