Personalized Therapeutic Advances in Erythropoietin Signaling: From Anemia Management to Extensive Clinical
Elena-Christen Creangă1, Raluca Stan1, Alina-Crenguţa Nicolae2
1Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Str. Gheorghe Polizu, nr. 1-7, Sector 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
Abstract:
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone essential for red blood cell production and a cornerstone therapy for anemia, particularly in chronic kidney disease. Beyond hematopoiesis, EPO exerts pleiotropic effects on metabolism, neuroprotection, and tissue regeneration. This review summarizes current insights into the molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications of recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) and its analogs, with emphasis on personalized therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence highlights both therapeutic opportunities and risks, including resistance, cardiovascular complications, and misuse in sports doping. Advances in detection methods, pharmacogenomics, and the development of novel agents such as HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors are discussed, underscoring the expanding role of EPO in precision medicine.
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